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发布日期：2025-12-19 13:45 点击次数：107
“cutthroat competition”是由“cutthroat”与“competition”组成的复合名词词组，词源可回首至17世纪的英语俚语——“cutthroat”本义为“割喉咙的东谈主”，首先用于描画“致命的暴力活动”，19世纪中期稳重从“物理暴力”扩充为“精神与利益层面的冷凌弃碾压”，与“competition”（竞争）贯串后，固化为中枢语义：“（为争夺利益、资源、契机等而进行的）暴虐冷凌弃、不择技艺的竞争、自尽性竞争、割喉式竞争、割颈式竞争”。其中枢特征是“暴虐冷凌弃、不择技艺以打败敌手”，全程带强烈贬义，既可用于正经书面语（如财经报谈、学术分析），也可用于白话，是描画“浓烈且无章程竞争”的高频抒发，区别于野蛮的“fierce competition”（浓烈竞争），更强调“以放手削减本身利润为代价的自尽式竞争，更是为了赢而不吝伤害他东谈主利益的竞争，功利性与袭击性颇强”的暴虐性，深度贴合“利益至上、以弱胜强”。如：
The primary election turned into cutthroat competition, with candidates releasing negative ads to destroy each other’s reputations.
党内初选酿成了暴虐的竞争，候选东谈主发布负面告白以糟塌相互的声誉。
The tech industry is known for cutthroat competition, where companies steal ideas and undercut prices to drive rivals out of business.
科技行业以暴虐竞争著明，企业窃取创意、压廉价钱以迫使竞争敌手倒闭。
There’s cutthroat competition among the suitors for her hand—they even badmouth each other to win her favor.
追求她的东谈主之间存在暴虐的竞争——他们致使相互谩骂以取得她的好感。
In some circles, marriage has become cutthroat competition for social status, with families comparing wealth and connections.
在某些圈子里，婚配成了争夺社会地位的暴虐竞争，家庭之间比拼金钱与东谈主脉。
Cutthroat competition for university spots means students have to sacrifice hobbies to focus solely on exams.
大学限额的暴虐竞争意味着学生必须撤消赞佩，全身心专注于老师。
She was tired of the cutthroat competition in the dating scene—everyone seemed more focused on ‘winning’ than finding true connection.
她厌倦了约聚圈的暴虐竞争——每个东谈主似乎更专注于“赢”，而非寻找果然的麇集。
The two forces engaged in cutthroat competition for control of the strategic pass, with neither side willing to retreat.
两支部队为争夺政策要塞张开暴虐竞争，两边都不肯撤除。
He dropped out of the cutthroat competition for her love, realizing he didn’t want to hurt others just to be with her.
他退出了争夺她爱情的暴虐竞争，领会到我方不念念为了和她在一都而伤害别东谈主。
You want to be rich? Then get used to cutthroat competition—this business doesn’t reward nice guys; it rewards those who are willing to take what they want.
你念念变富？那就民风暴虐的竞争——这行不奖励好东谈主，只奖励那些自得夺取我方念念要的东西的东谈主。《华尔街》
If you want to survive here, you need to understand—this isn’t a office job, it’s cutthroat competition. One mistake, and someone else will take your spot.
要是你念念在这儿活下去，就得显明——这不是一份野蛮的办公室责任，这是暴虐的竞争。一个诞妄，别东谈主就会抢走你的位置。《穿普拉达的女王》
The global smartphone market is facing cutthroat competition—brands are slashing prices, launching new models every month, and even suing each other over patents.
宇宙智高手机商场正面对着暴虐的竞争——各品牌纷繁降价，每月推出新机型，致使就专利问题相互告状。（2023六级）
In the world of professional sports, the cutthroat competition often leads athletes to use performance-enhancing drugs, just to stay ahead of their rivals.
在任业体育规模，暴虐的竞争常常导致绽放员使用擢升获利的药物，仅仅为了逾越于敌手。（2024研考）
Many parents worry that cutthroat competition in after-school classes will make their children lose interest in learning—kids are forced to take 5 or 6 classes a week just to ‘not fall behind’.
好多家长记挂，课后班的浓烈竞争会让他们的孩子失去学习酷爱——孩子们被动每周上5到6节课，仅仅为了“不落伍”。（2025年江苏高考英语阅读领会C篇）
“cutthroat competition”的中枢考点靠拢在三方面：
一是中枢语义的精确性，该词组绝非野蛮“浓烈竞争”（fierce competition），而是强调“为赢不择技艺、伤害他东谈主利益”的“暴虐冷凌弃”，需通过语境中的“负面活动”（如badmouth, sue, force）判断，这是语义揣测题的高频易错点；
二是语法特征的步调性，看成可数名词短语，表泛指时可加不定冠词（a cutthroat competition），表专指时加定冠词（the cutthroat competition，如“某规模的竞争”），复数面目为“cutthroat competitions”，完形填空常检会冠词搭配及可数性；
三是语境的适配性，可用于正经（财经、学术）与非正经（白话、影视）语境，但全程带贬义，若题干语境为“积极竞争”（如“团队间良性比拼”），则完满弗成使用，需与“healthy competition”（良性竞争）严格折柳。
